Learn about kidney disease

People most at risk include those with:

• Diabetes

• High blood pressure

• Cardiovascular disease

• Age over 60

• Family history of kidney disease

• Obesity

• Certain ethnic backgrounds including; African or Afro-Caribbean ancestry, South Asian populations and Middle Eastern populations

Early kidney disease often has few noticeable symptoms, which is why regular screening is important. Common early signs include:

• Fatigue and low energy

• Swelling of ankles or feet

• Changes in urination

• Persistent high blood pressure

• Nausea or loss of appetite

A kidney doctor may perform blood and urine tests to detect early kidney damage.

Chronic kidney disease is usually diagnosed using several tests, including:

• Blood tests measuring kidney function (creatinine and eGFR)

• Urine tests for protein or albumin

• Kidney imaging such as ultrasound

These tests help determine the stage of kidney disease and guide treatment.

You should see a kidney specialist if you experience symptoms or conditions such as:

• High blood pressure that is difficult to control

• Swelling in the legs or face

• Blood or protein in the urine

• Kidney stones

• Diabetes with kidney complications

• Abnormal kidney blood tests

Early consultation with a nephrologist can help prevent the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease and protect long-term kidney health.

A kidney doctor, also known as a Nephrology specialist or nephrologist, diagnoses and treats diseases that affect the kidneys. A nephrologist manages conditions such as chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure related to kidney problems, kidney infections, and complications requiring dialysis. Kidney doctors also help prevent kidney damage and monitor patients at risk of kidney disease.

A kidney specialist provides treatment for a wide range of kidney conditions, including:

• Chronic kidney disease management

• High blood pressure related to kidney disease

• Kidney stone prevention and treatment

• Dialysis care

• Electrolyte disorders

• Kidney disease caused by diabetes

Treatment plans may include medication, lifestyle changes, diet adjustments, and monitoring of kidney function.

Many cases of kidney disease can be prevented or slowed with early care. Important steps include:

• Controlling blood pressure

• Managing diabetes

• Maintaining a healthy weight

• Staying hydrated

• Reducing salt intake

• Regular kidney health screening

Early detection is key to preventing serious complications

Dialysis is a treatment that replaces some functions of the kidneys when they stop working properly. It removes waste products and excess fluid from the blood.

Dialysis is typically recommended for patients with advanced kidney failure when kidney function drops to very low levels.

To maintain healthy kidneys:

• Drink enough water

• Eat a balanced diet

• Control blood pressure and blood sugar

• Avoid excessive use of painkillers

• Exercise regularly

• Get regular kidney health checks

Seeing a kidney doctor early can help detect problems before serious damage occurs.

Dr Nicholas Sangala accepts direct appointments, meaning you may not need a referral from a general practitioner. However, some insurance providers may require a referral depending on your policy.

People at higher risk of kidney disease—such as those with diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of kidney disease—should have kidney function tests at least once a year. Your nephrologist can recommend the most appropriate screening schedule.